Nitrous oxide (N2O)
respiration by the denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri
requires
the synthesis of the multi-copper enzyme N2O
reductase.
nosZ, the structural gene for this enzyme, is part of a DNA
region
of approximately 8 kbp that carries several essential genes.
Insertional
mutagenesis of the region downstream of nosZ generates
apoenzyme-synthesizing
strains, which argues for the existence of functions for copper
acquisition
or copper processing, or both, for N2O
reductase.
The relevant DNA region of approximately 3.2 kbp was sequenced and
found
to consist of three genes, nosDFY, presumably within a single
transcriptional
unit. Cellular concentration, copper content, and location of the N2O
reductase protein were studied with mutants which were affected in the
three genes.
Interactions of the deduced gene
products among each other and with the cytoplasmic membrane appear to
be
analogous to those of the components of osmotic-shock- sensitive
bacterial
transport systems. The 33.8-kDa product of the nosF gene
belongs
to the family of nucleotide-binding proteins [C. Higgins et al. (1986)
Nature
323, 448-450]. Its amino acid sequence shows two canonical
nucleotide-binding
motifs, and the positional identity of amino acids to members of this
family
is around 30%. The 29.4-kDa product of the nosY
gene is a hydrophobic
protein with six predicted transmembrane helices and an export signal.
The 48.2-kDa product of the nosD gene is a periplasmic
component;
it carries an export signal and is a hydrophilic protein. N2O reductase
itself is a periplasmic enzyme. Our results provide evidence for an
auxiliary
system of Cu processing and suggest its involvement in the periplasmic
biosynthesis of the Cu centers of N2O reductase.