Strohm TO, Griffin B, Zumft WG, Schink B
Growth yields in
bacterial denitrification and nitrate ammonification
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 1420-1424 (2007).
Denitrification and nitrate ammonification
are considered the most energy-yielding respiration systems in anoxic
environments after oxygen has been consumed. The corresponding free energy changes
are by 7 and 35 % lower than that of aerobic respiration, respectively. Growth
yield determinations with pure cultures of Paracoccus
denitrificans and Pseudomonas stutzeri revealed that far less energy is converted via
ATP into cell mass than expected from the above calculations. Denitrification with formate or
hydrogen as electron donor yielded about 2.4 - 3.0 g dry matter per mol formate or hydrogen, and 15 - 18 g dry matter per mol
acetate. Similar yields with acetate were obtained with Pseudomonas stutzeri. Wolinella
succinogenes and Sulfurospirillum
deleyianum which reduce nitrate to ammonia both
exhibited similar yield values with formate or H2
plus nitrate. The results indicate that ATP synthesis in denitrification
is far lower than expected from the free energy changes, and even lower than in
nitrate ammonification. The results are discussed on
the background of our present understanding of electron flow in denitrification, and with respect to the importance of denitrification and nitrate ammonification
in the environment.