Tobacco and wheat are known to emit nitrous oxide (N2O).
Provided that N2O is a greenhouse gas
about 300 times worse than carbon dioxide in its potential for global
warming, it is an intriguing and important subject, whether this
activity is commonly present in other plants. In this study, 17 plant
taxa that had been cultured aseptically were fed with N15-labelled
nitrate for one week (feeding period). The plant taxa were then
transferred to a medium with non-labelled nitrate in gas-sealed pots
and cultured for another week (emission period). The amount of labelled
N2O emitted from the plants during the
emission period was determined. This value reflects only a part of the
capability of plants to convert nitrate to N2O,
because the amount of N2O determined here
does not correspond to the total N2O
emission from plants, but to only an N15-labelled
N2O fraction emitted during the emission
period from nitrate taken up into the plants during the feeding period.
It was discovered that all of the 17 plant taxa analysed, except for Eucalyptus viminalis, showed
emission of (N2O)-N15.
The emission ranged from 0.45 +/- 0.20 ng N2O/g
fresh weight (kenaf) to -0.012 +/- 0.12 ng N2O/g
fresh weight (Eucalyptus viminalis).
This activity of converting nitrate to N2O
is obviously common in plants with some exceptions. There was more than
a 58-fold variation between the highest (Hibiscus cannabinus) and the second
lowest (Nicotiana tabacum)
capability to convert nitrate to N2O
among the 17 plant taxa. The present result indicates that the
potential of plants to convert nitrate to N2O
highly varies among the plant species as in the case of the
assimilation of nitrogen dioxide (N2O)
where more than a 600-fold variation was observed among 217 plant taxa.
A negative correlation was obtained for N2O
emission and NO2 assimilation (r = 0.72).
This is the first report where there was a competitive interaction
between the assimilation and dissimilation activities in plants. It was
also found that wild type and transgenic tobacco are able to convert NO2
to N2O when they were fumigated with N15-labelled
NO2. However since the N2O
emission values observed in this study were approximately three orders
of magnitude smaller than those observed with wheat leaves, the
evaluation of the environmental significance of the N2O
emission by plants must await quantitative analysis using the present
system to figure out the full N2O
emission capability of plants.